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[CoffeeMAX]

What is the difference between Fully Automatic, Semi-Automatic and Manual commercial espresso machines? And which type makes better espresso?

[Meridian]

There are 3 types of pump espresso machines:

• Super-automatic machines which automatically grind the coffee, tamp it, and extract; all you need to do is fill the bean hopper, and if the machine is not connected to a water line, add water to a reservoir. Additionally, some models contain an automated milk frothing and dispensing device.
• Automatic machines which allow to program the volume of each shot. When the programmed volume is dispensed, the pump is automatically turned off and brew pressure released.
• Semi-Automatic machines work like the automatics except they don't measure the volume - the operator needs to press the stop button when desired shot volume is reached.

[DrCoffee]

And which type makes better espresso?

Like in photography - more automatic the camera is, less control the photographer has over the final product. The most expensive cameras provide for a manual override. And so do some commercial superautomatic espresso machines. In my opinion no superautomatic machine is able to match the quality of shot extracted manually by a skilled barista on a good automatic or semi-automatic espresso machine.

Depending on type and volume of your coffee establishment you might consider purchasing of a commercial superautomatic unit (might cost you 3 times as much as an automatic machine) if you're in a superbusy, high volume location.

[Meridian]

Ditto, DrCoffee.
Espresso is not just coffee. Making a perfect shot is an art form. Weather (humidity) changes affect your beans so you need to adjust the grind somewhat 3-4 times a day. Super Automatic machines are not smart enough yet to do this for you. So unless you absolutely need to (super high volume) stay away from the Super Automatics and save some $$$ at the same time.